Mylovetechnology

Double Buffer (Double buffering) is a widely used technique where you draw all your graphic needs to an image stored in the memory (called buffer). After drawing needs, you have to draw a complete image from the memory to the screen. So, we can define it as a form of buffering where two buffers are used. For output, the program fills one buffer while the device empties the other then the buffers exchange roles. Same technique is used for input. In computer graphics, the switching between two or more frame buffers is to allow picture composition to be performed with display simultaneously. The double buffering concept is worked out in C-language.

To understand this, we are taking an easy example of a Progress Bar that has many layers.

1)    Border layer
2)    Background layer
3)    Percent layer
4)    Progress layer

In this, for each layer, you have to call some drawing operation and the control redraws itself to the screen after each drawing operation. If the refresh rate is low you will have no any problem but if you speed up the refresh rate then blinking or flickering occurs.

You can solve this problem by drawing all the layers to an image which is located in the memory and after drawing all the layers into this image you can draw the image onto the screen. This will dramatically improve the performance.

Advantages of Double buffering

Let’s see why you want to use double-buffering over single buffering in games, your GUI or video displays?

The main advantages of double-buffering are:

• It is essential in real time data acquisition, complex and analysis systems.
• To create smooth flowing graphics
• To speed up a computer that can overlap I/O with processing
• Required primarily to eliminate visible draws that can make an application look sluggish, amateurish or appear to flicker
• User does not see every pixel modification so if the same pixel gets modified 10 times, then even the user will only see the last one. This helps preventing flickering
• It usually takes care of artifacts you or the user might be experiencing.
• Writing to video memory needs to be performed once on the buffer swap, instead of repeatedly for every pixel of which some might be invisible and might be overlapped later.

Disadvantages of Double buffering

On one side, double-buffering is useful but on the other side it also has disadvantage. Each one is listed with an explanation and a possible solution.

Now, at last we will discuss one thing more that in computer science, the situation of having a running tap that should not be turned off is common like a stream of audio. In this kind of situations, double buffering is employed.

The Aprilia RAM1000 motorcycle with modern look, modern style, new color and tough body is very much attractive.

During autumn 2001, the concept of Aprilia RAM1000 motorcycle was created. The concept was half-naked street fighter, 1000cc with aggressive riding position and massive power. An Aprilia was chosen by the designer.

The tool used in the project, besides sketching are: 3DSmax and Rhinoceros 3D and rapid prototype was made in 1:6 scale.

Some Specifications about Aprilia RAM1000 are:

• Displacement: 998cc
• Motor: 60 degree V5
• Exhaust: single aluminum muffler
• Wheelbase: 1407
• Frame: aluminum box structure
• Steering: hydraulic
• Rear brake: 235mm floating disc
• Front brake: 2×320mm floating discs
• Front tyre: Metzeler 130/70
• Seat height: 760mm
• Rear tyre: Metzeler 200/50

Aprilia is the next generation bike. This new design is designed by Heikki Naulapää. He has Designed Demon 1.0 and Demon 1.0 raw for ducati and he has designed Ram 1000 for Aprilia motorcycle. Except headlight and the front Demon 1.0 and 1.0 raw looks almost the same. Aprilia Ram 1000 do not have shock absorber or any forks in the front.

Heikki Naulapää had shared something about Ram 1000 that

This project was his one of the most difficult tasks while studying in Lahti. It was very tough to design a complete motorbike as he didn’t have any experience from 3D modeling. Even, he had not got any experience of designing vehicles when starting this project. Therefore, it made the task more challenging.

Modeling and Design he did himself, but rendering was done by one of his flat mate and current CG artist Heikki Anttila.

Let’s know something about the Designer:

Heikki Naulapää is absolutely a finnish designer, he has done graduation from Vehicle Design department of Royal College of Art, London in 2004. And also did graduation as an Industrial Designer from Lahti, Finland. He started to work as a Design Manager in Finnish design consultancy Provoke Helsinki in September 05.

He is constantly looking for a new challenge in this area of design. So, do you have an interesting design project proposal?

Crabtree has offered the finest quality switches that are manufactured from high grade plastic that gives them a greater resistivity. They offer a variety in different sizes and shapes to you. There are also sockets support modules in every sizes and ranges. The sockets are made as per IS 1293 – 1988 standard and switches are made as per IS 3584 -1997 standard.

Crabtree Switch’s features are:

• Modular Toggle design.
• SABS approved.
• Manufactured with nickel Cadmlum contacts as a standard.
• Accepted and stocked by all major wholesalers nationwide.
• Cover plates available in thermoplastic material for use in coastal and corrosive environments.
• Replacing existing sockets and switches with the classic range will add that finishing touch and complete any make-over, renovation or re-decoration to the home or office.

There are some types of Crabtree Switches:

Crabtree Pull Switch Chrome 50A - 50A.1 way DP ceiling switch is complete with neon, pull cord, mechanical indicator and acorn.

Crabtree Architrave Switch 2G - 10AX. 2 gang, SP moulded, 2 way architrave switch are fully rated for inductive or fluorescent loads. BSEN60669-1.

Crabtree Cooker Switch 1G 45A - 45A.1 gang DP cooker control switch with dual terminal. BS EN 60669-1.

Crabtree Pull Switch Brass 50A - 50A.1 way DP ceiling switch is complete with neon, pull cord, mechanical indicator and acorn.

Crabtree Intermediate Switch 1G - 10AX.1gang moulded intermediate switch is also fully rated for inductive or fluorescent loads. BSEN60669-1

Crabtree 2-Way Fully Insulated Main Switch Consumer Unit – 2-way is Plug-in busbar. 2-way insulated consumer unit with 63A main switch. It is fully insulated enclosure.

• IP2X
• 63A DP Main Switch
• Unique Shrouded Busbar System
• 63A DP Main Switch
• Insulated Enclosure

Crabtree 4-Way Fully Insulated Main Switch Consumer Unit - 4-way is Plug-in busbar. 4-way insulated consumer unit with 100A main switch.  It is fully insulated enclosure.

• IP2X
• 100A DP Main Switch
• Readily Accommodates Mini Trunking
• Suitable for Use with Control Modules
• Unique Shrouded Busbar System

The Sony Ericsson F305 is Sony Ericsson’s first Motion Gaming-enabled phone. This phone is “Fun and entertainment”.The display on the front of this Polar White or Mystic Black phone is a 2-inch large TFT display with a resolution of 176 x 220 pixels, and up to 262.144 colours. While the resolution isn’t exactly excellent, it’ll make the rendering of 3D games quicker, and more games are available for phones of this screen resolution.

This low/mid-level phone sports some rather cool gaming features. The three pre-loaded games – Bowling, Bass fishing & Jockey – will enable you to use movements to play the game. But how do you play it? Simply imitate the movement of the bowling ball throw with the F305, and you’ll be playing the game. Simple, isn’t it? It’s a bit like the concept behind Nintendo Wii, although we find it hard to believe this will work just as great as the Wii does. Other than the special gaming features, the F305 offers a set of PlayStation-like gaming keys just above the display, as well as a shortcut key to your games. If you’re in the middle of a game, but the battery is running low (meaning you’ve played almost 8 hours!), you can quickly plug in the battery Power Pack CCP-100 (extra accessory), and you can play for hours again.

F305 features loud stereo speakers on the back of it, making your gaming experience even better. If you feel like challenging a friend of yours in a match, you can do this via Bluetooth on some games.

Sony Ericsson F305 has special features like :

• Motion Gaming with three preloaded motion games
• Games titles: “Bowling”, “Bass fishing” and “Jockey”
• Additional motion games developed by Gameloft
• 50 more 2D and 3D games available for download at PlayNow
• Loud stereo speakers – enhance your gaming experience
• Share the latest music with friends
• Horizontal game play and dedicated gaming keys
• 2.0 megapixel camera and Bluetooth
• Complete media experience
• Expandable memory
• Memory Stick Micro (M2) slot

The phone memory is a bit limited though at only 10 megabytes, so you’ll have to expand the memory with a Memory Stick Micro card. Your music can then be transfered via a USB connection.

So we can say that F305 is a decent mobile phone and the games are a nice bonus.

Nano, the Dream Car of everyone has finally hit the roads as Tata Motors Chairman Ratan Tata has handed over the key of first Tata Nanos car to Ashok Raghunath Vichare in Mumbai on Friday.

Tata Motors Chairman Ratan Tata believes that Tata Nano will bring happiness and pleasure to people those who will be buying their first car as also those who currently own a car but want a modern, emission-friendly and contemporary city car.

Mumbaikar Mr. Ashok Raghunath Vichare is the luckiest person of this world by becoming the first owner of the world’s cheapest car from the Tatas. But there were two other owners also. The keys of other two cars were delivered to Ashish Balakrishnan and A. Chandrashekaran.

Mr. Ashok Vichare has bought a Tata Nano LX (lunar silver), the top-end model,
Mr. Ashish Balakrishnan, an HDFC Bank employee, has bought Tata Nano LX (sunshine yellow) and Kores India also received Tata Nano LX (lunar silver) respectively.

To be the first recipients of the Nano, Tata Motors has already selected over 1.55 lakh customers, in which the first one lakh cars are price-protected. In 2003, at the Delhi Auto Expo in 2008, the car was first showcased and after a series of violent protests led by Trinamool Congress chief Mamata Banerjee, it hit the limelight when this project was shifted from West Bengal to Gujarat.

The project has cost over Rs. 2,000 crore. The 623-cc rear-engine car boasts a fuel economy of over 23 km per litre. The World’s cheapest car carries a price range of Rs. 1.23 lakh to Rs 1.72 lakh for the three different variants. Its standard model sells for 140,000 rupees including tax in the showroom. The deluxe models cost up to 185,000 rupees.

Tata Motors had promised that 100,000 Nano cars would be delivered to customers at Rs.100, 000 each by March 2010.

Five years after his promise to build a people’s car, Ratan Tata had finally fulfilled him dream. So, we can say that Nano was not only a dream of us but it was a dream of Ratan Tata also which has come true.

Jinsun Park, a South Korean designer from Korea is flying and feeling himself at the top of the world as he has come out with a new technology i.e Color Picker a new magnificent simple tool.

Following are the body parts of Color Picker

• Color Sensor
• Color Scan Button
• Color Display
• R, G, B Color Sensor (Red, Green and Blue Color Sensor)
• R, G, B Ink Cartridges
• Ball type

Jinsun Park has designed a different kind of pen for real life that adapts Photoshop’s eyedropper tool. One end of this pen is a camera which captures a real world color. Then, to replicate the color photographed by the camera, just like an inkjet printer, a computer in the pen calculates the mixture of red, green and blue ink. Then on the other end of the pen, ink flows out of the ball point.

It is an amazing and very useful tool for a graphic designer to pick the color of the real object. You need to put the pen against an object and just press the scan button, then the color will be detected by the color sensor and to create the selected color, its RGB Ink cartridges in the pen will automatic mixed the required inks to create the target color.

Before computers, artists would like to use razors to crop, and glue and physical scissors to cut and paste. But designer Jinsun Park has found a pen that use the process by reciprocal it, by taking a tool developed for the computer and porting it to some physical reality.

As the device is more fanciful than practical, by first including CMYK inks instead of RGB, Jinsun Park could start refining it toward a working prototype.

So, we hope you are willing to use this color Picker to capture your favorite color from real objects.

Are you looking for a Casio? If yes, then get a Casio SA-45 because you will not only end up purchasing an amazing entertaining gadget for you but also will boost you to be a finished musician. The keyboard is equipped with a hundred quality tones. So, it gives you lively tones. There are two potent speakers with which it is loaded.

The Casio SA-45 is a wonderful keyboard with some advanced features. This small keyboard is portable, sure packs a punch, especially its versatile tones and patterns and 5 built in drum pads.

The essential features of Casio SA Music Keyboard

• 4-note polyphony
• 100 tones
• AC adapter – AD-1
• 32 patterns ( Rhythms:19, Free session: 5, Funny: 8 )
• Weight – 1.2kg
• Size – 618 x 176 x 60mm(W x D x H)
• Batteries – AA-size x 5

No doubt, for the music learners, the impressive Casio SA-45 is an extremely playful device. Especially children will definitely love to play with it. This small keyboard also helps you to know how to learn the music chords at a fast pace? This Casio comes with versatile built-in tones and patterns. It also accompanies two powerful speakers for highly refined output, 100 quality tones and 32 patterns of songs in which 5 are in free session, 19 are in the Rhythm section, 8 in the funny section.

So, we guess you are setting your mind to play with music instead of singing the songs.

GSM Mobile Phone

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. It is the most popular standard for digital cellular phones in the world. It has a very strong presence in Europe.

Over the last decade, GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success in mobile telecoms which continues to evolve to meet new demands. Its great strength is its international roaming capability which gives consumers a wonderful service in about 160 countries.

It is sold as “the latest technology” in many countries; this technology is older than CDMA. The two major advantages from this technology are fraud prevention and roaming readiness.

Know about History of GSM Technology

Analog cellular telephone systems were experiencing growth in Europe during the early 1980s, but also in France and Germany. Every country had developed its own system, which was incompatible with everyone else’s in operation and equipment.

In 1982, European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study group called as the Group Special Mobile (GSM) to study and to develop a pan-European public land mobile system. The system had certain criteria:

• Low terminal and service cost
• Good subjective speech quality
• Support for international roaming
• Support for range of new services and facilities
• Ability to support handheld terminals
• ISDN compatibility
• Spectral efficiency

GSM specification’s Phase I were published in 1990. In mid-1991, Commercial service was started and there were 36 GSM networks in 22 countries by 1993. Over 200 GSM networks are operational in 110 countries around the world. In 1994, there were 1.3 million subscribers worldwide, which had grown to more than 55 million by October 1997.

Various Services provided by GSM

• Telecommunication services can be divided into teleservices, bearer services and supplementary services using the ITU-T definitions.
• Telephony is the most basic teleservices supported by GSM.
• There is an emergency service, where the nearest emergency-service provider is notified by dialing three digits (similar to 911).
• A variety of data services is offered. Its users can send and receive data, at rates up to 9600 bps, to users on ISDN, Plain Old Telephone Service, Circuit Switched Public Data Networks and Packet Switched Public Data Networks using a variety of methods and protocols like X.25 or X.32.
• Data services include Group 3 facsimile, in ITU-T recommendation T.30, supported by use of an appropriate fax adaptor.
• A unique feature of GSM is the Short Message Service (SMS) for short alphanumeric (up to 160 bytes) messages. Messages can also be stored in the SIM card for later retrieval.

So, this is all about GSM technology. But we will also discuss later that GSM is good or CDMA?

Open source software plays a vital role in cloud computing by allowing its basic software elements i.e. virtual machine images and appliances, to be created from easily accessible components.

Importance of Open Source Software in Cloud Computing

• Developers can create a database appliance by layering MySQL software onto an instance of the Open Solaris Operating System and performing customizations. These appliances enable cloud computing applications to be deployed, created and dynamically scaled on demand.
• Now! Let’s know what makes the role of open source software more important in a cloud-computing environment. Open source components with ease can be used to assemble large applications generates more open source components. For example, in a cloud-computing environment, a Map Reduce algorithm was one of the factors stimulating its development. Now that the tool is used to raise the level at which developers ‘program’ cloud computing applications.
• Cloud Computing can save Government Money: You can effectively combine resources with other government districts to evaluate low-cost resources that save money in the short term and provide advance proven solutions that are secure enough to avoid long-term pain.
• Many open source software (OSS) projects are commoditized technologies because a group of talented developers are tired of paying for services that can be cloned easily.

Open source projects have strong communities that build better features and offer better support. The community can be measured by

• The support forums means how mature and active the discussion forums are
• The speed of innovation means how quickly product releases reach shippable status
• The number of active installations currently in production environments

So, we must say that you can feel comfortable if service, support and commercial product businesses have been built around open source solutions that the project has some legs and will be around for the foreseeable future.

Service providers of Cloud computing are using virtualization technologies in order to offer cost-effective access to computing resources with the Internet and also to gain the most from virtualization, virtual machines need to be co-located on the same physical server.

A virtual machine in computer science is a software implementation of a computer that executes programs like a real machine. It is used to create a virtual environment, which is called as virtualization. Virtualization enables the user to see the infrastructure of a network through a process of aggregation and can also be used to access multiple operating systems at the same time. A virtual environment is used solely for applications and not for operating system kernels.

Virtual machines are divided into two main categories based degree of correspondence and on their use to any real machine. This machine provides you a complete system platform that supports the execution of a complete operating system so that the user can operate software located on the computer platform.

There are so many different types of virtual machines, used to refer to hardware virtual machine software also called as a virtual machine monitor or hyper visor. This type of machine software makes it possible to run multiple executions on one computer. With the help of the hardware virtual machine software, the user has a private machine i.e. fully functional hardware which is separate from other users. Hardware virtual machine software also helps users to restart and boot their machines quickly.

The application is isolated from the computer being used with virtual machine software. This software can be used on various computer platforms. So, this is possible to create separate versions of the same software for different computers and operating systems. Java Virtual Machine is a great example of an application virtual machine.

A process virtual machine is designed to run a single program. An important characteristic of a virtual machine is that the software which is running inside is limited to the abstractions and resources provided by the virtual machine.

The Process Virtual Machine is a common foundation for graph based execution languages. The Process Virtual Machine can have three main characteristics:

• Processes can potentially include wait states from the perspective of the process engine and be ‘long running’
• The process expresses some kind of execution flow
• Processes are represented graphically to facilitate communication between all stakeholders

So, we can say that a virtual machine can also be a group of computers that work together to create a more powerful machine.